The paper presents various stages of the Arctic development in terms of constructing and operating marine engineering structures designed for ice conditions. The paper considers ice navigation vessels, various types of hydraulic structures, supporting bases of platforms, supports of bridge crossings, etc. The features of their interaction with ice are analyzed, which are further compared with the ice tank experimental studies of the structures of similar shape and type. Comparing the historical observation data on the operation of offshore structures with the data of the model experiments conducted in the modern laboratory of marine ice engineering of the Krylov Research Centre allows to assess the degree of importance of physical modeling at a design stage.